Autores: Heather E. Reed y Jennifer B. H. Martiny. Departamento de Ecología y Biología Evolutiva de la Universidad de California, Irvine, CA, USA. Editor: Jim Prosser
Traductor: Gabriela Cárdenas Huamán.
Los ecologistas han estudiado la relación entre la composición biótica y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas en los organismos más grandes, pero sólo recientemente esta relación ha sido ampliamente investigada en microorganismos. Los estudios recientes se examinan dentro de un marco de tres enfoques experimentales que se usan a menudo para el estudio más amplio de los organismos: el tratamiento del medio ambiente, de jardín, y los experimentos de transplante recíproco. Aunque la composición de los microorganismos no puede ser fácilmente manipulado en el campo, la aplicación de estos enfoques para comunidades microbianas intactas puede comenzar a molestar aparte de los efectos de la composición microbiológica de los parámetros ambientales en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Los desafíos en la aplicación de estos criterios a los microorganismos se ponen de relieve y se analiza la forma en que el planteamiento experimental y la duración afecta a un estudio de la interpretación. En general, a largo plazo en el medio ambiente el tratamiento correlativo de experimentos debe identificar las relaciones entre los microbios, su composición y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, mientras que a corto plazo los experimentos comunes demuestran que en jardines la composición microbiana recibe influencias del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Por último, el trasplante da reciprocidad simultáneamente es prueba interactiva para efectos del medio ambiente sobre la composición y funcionamiento. Los estudios revisados aportan pruebas de que, al menos en algunos casos, la composición microbiana esta influenciada por el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Se llegó a la conclusión de que toda la comunidad de experimentos ofrecen una manera de probar si la información sobre la composición microbiana ayudará a predecir las respuestas de los ecosistemas ante el cambio global.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
TESTING THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL COMPOSITION IN NATURAL COMMUNITIES.
To cite this article: Heather E. Reed y1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Jennifer B. H. Martiny. 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
Editor: Jim Prosser
Ecologists have long studied the relationship between biotic composition and ecosystem functioning in larger organisms; however, only recently has this relationship been investigated widely in microorganisms. Recent studies are reviewed within a framework of three experimental approaches that are often used to study larger organisms: environmental treatment, common garden, and reciprocal transplant experiments. Although the composition of microorganisms cannot be easily manipulated in the field, applying these approaches to intact microbial communities can begin to tease apart the effects of microbial composition from environmental parameters on ecosystem functioning. The challenges in applying these approaches to microorganisms are highlighted and it is discussed how the experimental approach and duration affects a study's interpretation. In general, long-term environmental treatment experiments identify correlative relationships between microbial composition and ecosystem functioning, whereas short-term common garden experiments demonstrate that microbial composition influences ecosystem functioning. Finally, reciprocal transplants simultaneously test for interactive effects of the environment and composition on functioning. The studies reviewed provide evidence that, at least in some cases, microbial composition influences ecosystem functioning. It is concluded that whole-community experiments offer a way to test whether information about microbial composition will help predict ecosystem responses to global change.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
TESTING THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL COMPOSITION IN NATURAL COMMUNITIES.
To cite this article: Heather E. Reed y1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Jennifer B. H. Martiny. 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
Editor: Jim Prosser
Ecologists have long studied the relationship between biotic composition and ecosystem functioning in larger organisms; however, only recently has this relationship been investigated widely in microorganisms. Recent studies are reviewed within a framework of three experimental approaches that are often used to study larger organisms: environmental treatment, common garden, and reciprocal transplant experiments. Although the composition of microorganisms cannot be easily manipulated in the field, applying these approaches to intact microbial communities can begin to tease apart the effects of microbial composition from environmental parameters on ecosystem functioning. The challenges in applying these approaches to microorganisms are highlighted and it is discussed how the experimental approach and duration affects a study's interpretation. In general, long-term environmental treatment experiments identify correlative relationships between microbial composition and ecosystem functioning, whereas short-term common garden experiments demonstrate that microbial composition influences ecosystem functioning. Finally, reciprocal transplants simultaneously test for interactive effects of the environment and composition on functioning. The studies reviewed provide evidence that, at least in some cases, microbial composition influences ecosystem functioning. It is concluded that whole-community experiments offer a way to test whether information about microbial composition will help predict ecosystem responses to global change.